Metropolitan France topographic map

Average elevation: 21 m

454 caves have been identified over an area of 2.8 km2, and form two networks under this small area. To the north, the trou des Auges, ressaut de 108 m, trou des Filous, grotte Arva, and Cuvée des Ours connect with the Granier system, located in the center of the plateau, to form a 55.725 km network over a…

Average elevation: 1,357 m

Average elevation: 135 m

Average elevation: 59 m

Average elevation: 418 m

Average elevation: 1,004 m

Average elevation: 636 m

Average elevation: 2,336 m

Paris in its early history had only the rivers Seine and Bièvre for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new…

Average elevation: 75 m

Average elevation: 35 m

Average elevation: 0 m

Average elevation: 509 m

Average elevation: 67 m

In the Western Pyrenees, from the Basque mountains near the Bay of Biscay of the Atlantic Ocean, the average elevation gradually increases from west to east.

Average elevation: 2,716 m

Average elevation: 105 m

Average elevation: 0 m

Average elevation: 224 m

Average elevation: 304 m

Average elevation: 230 m

Average elevation: 53 m

Average elevation: 191 m

Average elevation: 1,491 m

Average elevation: 119 m

Average elevation: 476 m

Average elevation: 4 m

Average elevation: 613 m

Average elevation: 176 m

Average elevation: 1,196 m

Average elevation: 1,324 m

Average elevation: 444 m

Average elevation: 95 m

Average elevation: 1,389 m

Average elevation: 111 m

Average elevation: 149 m

According to the Köppen climate classification, the top of the Grand Ballon features a subalpine climate (Köppen: Dfc) due to its high altitude comparable to the Alps or the Pyrenees. Along with the Hohneck the summit of the Grand Ballon is the coldest and windiest point in Alsace. A record low of −30.2…

Average elevation: 1,139 m

Average elevation: 286 m

Average elevation: 117 m

Average elevation: 73 m

Average elevation: 4 m

Average elevation: 99 m

Average elevation: 136 m

Average elevation: 708 m

Average elevation: 134 m

Average elevation: 261 m

Average elevation: 54 m

Average elevation: 7 m

Average elevation: 761 m

Average elevation: 1,799 m

Average elevation: 926 m

Average elevation: 492 m

Average elevation: 65 m

Average elevation: 1,101 m

Average elevation: 5 m

Average elevation: 129 m

Average elevation: 168 m

Average elevation: 607 m

Average elevation: 36 m

Average elevation: 89 m

Average elevation: 32 m

Average elevation: 360 m

Average elevation: 104 m

Average elevation: 1,560 m

Average elevation: 118 m

Average elevation: 1,048 m

Average elevation: 163 m

Average elevation: 709 m

Average elevation: 379 m

Average elevation: 1,008 m

Average elevation: 32 m

Average elevation: 321 m

Average elevation: 134 m

Average elevation: 533 m

Average elevation: 306 m

Average elevation: 85 m

Average elevation: 82 m

Average elevation: 91 m

Average elevation: 407 m

Average elevation: 5 m

Average elevation: 279 m

Average elevation: 691 m

Average elevation: 522 m

Average elevation: 34 m

Average elevation: 256 m

Average elevation: 833 m

Average elevation: 49 m

The climate is cold and temperate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), and is greatly influenced by altitude. Being the highest part of the Alps, Mont Blanc and surrounding mountains can create their own weather patterns. Temperatures drop as the mountains gain in height, and the summit of Mont Blanc is a…

Average elevation: 4,092 m

Average elevation: 276 m

Average elevation: 1,708 m

Average elevation: 192 m

Average elevation: 1,338 m

Average elevation: 684 m

Average elevation: 504 m

Average elevation: 86 m

Average elevation: 70 m

Average elevation: 120 m

Average elevation: 36 m

Average elevation: 366 m

Average elevation: 119 m

Average elevation: 24 m

Average elevation: 259 m