Metropolitan France topographic map

In the Western Pyrenees, from the Basque mountains near the Bay of Biscay of the Atlantic Ocean, the average elevation gradually increases from west to east.

Average elevation: 2,716 m

Paris in its early history had only the rivers Seine and Bièvre for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new…

Average elevation: 75 m

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According to the Köppen climate classification, the top of the Grand Ballon features a subalpine climate (Köppen: Dfc) due to its high altitude comparable to the Alps or the Pyrenees. Along with the Hohneck the summit of the Grand Ballon is the coldest and windiest point in Alsace. A record low of −30.2…

Average elevation: 1,139 m

Average elevation: 286 m

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Average elevation: 106 m

Average elevation: 1,576 m

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Average elevation: 141 m

Average elevation: 438 m

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Average elevation: 1,857 m

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Average elevation: 3,199 m