Portugal topographic map

Europe's topography is characterized by a striking contrast between its rugged southern mountains and the expansive plains of the north. The continent is often described as a "peninsula of peninsulas," featuring major peninsulas like the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, each with unique geological features. In…

Average elevation: 223 m

Average elevation: 42 m

Average elevation: 134 m

Africa's topography is a complex tapestry of plateaus, mountains, valleys, and deserts. The continent is dominated by vast plateaus, with elevations averaging around 1,000 meters (3,281 feet), especially prominent in the south and east. The Ethiopian Highlands, often referred to as the "Roof of Africa," rise…

Average elevation: 462 m

Istanbul, located in northwestern Turkey, is a city that is uniquely situated across two continents, Europe and Asia, divided by the Bosphorus Strait. The city’s topography is characterized by a complex blend of hills, valleys, and coastal plains, which create a varied and scenic landscape. The European side…

Average elevation: 57 m

North America's topography is characterized by its diverse and dramatic landscapes, stretching from the towering Rocky Mountains in the west to the expansive Great Plains in the central region, and the rugged Appalachian Mountains in the east. The Rocky Mountains, which include peaks exceeding 20,000 feet…

Average elevation: 294 m

Average elevation: 1,186 m

Scotland accounts for just under a third (32 per cent) of the total area of the UK, covering 78,772 square kilometres (30,410 sq mi). This includes nearly eight hundred islands, predominantly west and north of the mainland; notably the Hebrides, Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands. Scotland is the most…

Average elevation: 79 m

Average elevation: 563 m

Some have called Edinburgh the Athens of the North for a variety of reasons. The earliest comparison between the two cities showed that they had a similar topography, with the Castle Rock of Edinburgh performing a similar role to the Athenian Acropolis. Both of them had flatter, fertile agricultural land…

Average elevation: 104 m

Average elevation: 85 m

Average elevation: 641 m

Average elevation: 89 m

Johannesburg is located in the eastern plateau area of South Africa known as the Highveld, at an elevation of 1,753 metres (5,751 ft). The former Central Business District is located on the southern side of the prominent ridge called the Witwatersrand (English: White Water's Ridge) and the terrain falls to the…

Average elevation: 1,615 m

Average elevation: 186 m

Glasgow itself was reputed to have been founded by the Christian missionary Saint Mungo in the 6th century. He established a church on the Molendinar Burn, where the present Glasgow Cathedral stands, and in the following years Glasgow became a religious centre. Glasgow grew over the following centuries. The…

Average elevation: 128 m

The River Plym, which flows off Dartmoor to the north-east, forms a smaller estuary to the east of the city called Cattewater. Plymouth Sound is protected from the sea by the Plymouth Breakwater, in use since 1814. In the Sound is Drake's Island which is seen from Plymouth Hoe, a flat public area on top of…

Average elevation: 81 m

Lying in the eastern foothills of the Pennines, there is a significant variation in elevation within the city's built-up area. The district ranges from 1,115 feet (340 m) in the far west on the slopes of Ilkley Moor to about 33 feet (10 m) where the rivers Aire and Wharfe cross the eastern boundary. Land rises…

Average elevation: 94 m

In June 1856, Fernando Wood appointed a "consulting board" of seven people, headed by author Washington Irving, to inspire public confidence in the proposed development. Wood hired military engineer Egbert Ludovicus Viele as the park's chief engineer, tasking him with a topographical survey of the site. The…

Average elevation: 26 m

Karachi lies very close to a major fault line, where the Indian tectonic plate meets the Arabian tectonic plate. Within the city of Karachi are two small ranges: the Khasa Hills and Mulri Hills, which lie in the northwest and act as a barrier between North Nazimabad and Orangi. Karachi's hills are barren and…

Average elevation: 20 m

The Appalachian Mountains (French: Appalaches), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern to northeastern North America. The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period. They once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky…

Average elevation: 1,463 m

The central urban area of Chongqing, or Chongqing proper, is a city of unique features. Built on mountains and partially surrounded by the Yangtze and Jialing rivers, it is known as a "mountain city" and a "city on rivers". The night scene of the city is very illuminated, with millions of lights and their…

Average elevation: 318 m

Average elevation: 218 m

The east-central Brazilian plateau has a humid and warm tropical climate. The northern and eastern parts of the Argentine pampas have a humid subtropical climate with dry winters and humid summers of the Chinese type, while the western and eastern ranges have a subtropical climate of the dinaric type. At the…

Average elevation: 283 m

The neighborhoods of Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop and Finkenwerder are part of the Altes Land (old land) region, the largest contiguous fruit-producing region in Central Europe. Neugraben-Fischbek has Hamburg's highest elevation, the Hasselbrack at 116.2 metres (381 ft) AMSL. Hamburg borders the states of…

Average elevation: 23 m

Owing to the rain shadow of the Pindus Mountains, annual precipitation of Athens is lower than most other parts of Greece, especially western Greece. As an example, Ioannina receives around 1,300 mm (51 in) per year, and Agrinio around 800 mm (31 in) per year. Daily average highs for July have been measured…

Average elevation: 168 m

Average elevation: 17 m

Amman is situated on the East Bank Plateau, an upland characterized by three major wadis which run through it. Originally, the city had been built on seven hills. Amman's terrain is typified by its mountains. The most important areas in the city are named after the hills or mountains they lie on. The area's…

Average elevation: 800 m

Average elevation: 1,638 m

Average elevation: 73 m

Baltimore is in north-central Maryland on the Patapsco River close to where it empties into the Chesapeake Bay. The city is also located on the fall line between the Piedmont Plateau and the Atlantic coastal plain, which divides Baltimore into "lower city" and "upper city". The city's elevation ranges from sea…

Average elevation: 65 m

Average elevation: 483 m

Average elevation: 36 m

Average elevation: 64 m

Mexico is crossed from north to south by two mountain ranges known as Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental, which are the extension of the Rocky Mountains from northern North America. From east to west at the center, the country is crossed by the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt also known as the…

Average elevation: 2,321 m

The city, like most of the UK, has a maritime climate highly influenced by the Gulf Stream. Located in the driest region of Britain, Cambridge's rainfall averages around 570 mm (22.44 in) per year, around half the national average, with some years occasionally falling into the semi-arid (under 500 mm (19.69…

Average elevation: 18 m

Average elevation: 65 m

Ho Chi Minh City is located in the south-eastern region of Vietnam, 1,760 km (1,090 mi) south of Hanoi. The average elevation is 5 m (16 ft) above sea level for the city center and 16 m (52 ft) for the suburb areas. It borders Tây Ninh Province and Bình Dương Province to the north, Đồng Nai Province and…

Average elevation: 6 m

Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree, which flows into the River Havel (a tributary of the River Elbe) in the western borough of Spandau. Among the city's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree, Havel, and Dahme rivers (the largest…

Average elevation: 47 m

The Pyrenees (/ˈpɪrɪniːz/; Spanish: Pirineos [piɾiˈneos]; French: Pyrénées [piʁene] (listen); Catalan: Pirineu [piɾiˈnɛw]; Basque: Pirinioak [piɾini.o.ak]; Occitan: Pirenèus [piɾeˈnɛws]; Aragonese: Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly 500…

Average elevation: 491 m

Islamabad is located at 33°26′N 73°02′E / 33.43°N 73.04°E / 33.43; 73.04 at the northern edge of the Pothohar Plateau and at the foot of the Margalla Hills in Islamabad Capital Territory. Its elevation is 540 metres (1,770 ft). The modern capital and the ancient Gakhar city of Rawalpindi form…

Average elevation: 666 m

Riyadh has a hot desert climate (Köppen Climate Classification BWh), with long, extremely hot summers and short, very mild winters. The average high temperature in August is 43.6 °C (110.5 °F). If it was not for the elevation the city was on, Riyadh would experience an even hotter climate. The city…

Average elevation: 630 m

Average elevation: 16 m

Spread roughly north–south along the east bank of the Hooghly River, Kolkata sits within the lower Ganges Delta of eastern India approximately 75 km (47 mi) west of the international border with Bangladesh; the city's elevation is 1.5–9 m (5–30 ft). Much of the city was originally a wetland that was…

Average elevation: 5 m

Average elevation: 14 m

Average elevation: 72 m

The oldest rocks are 2.7 billion years old and are found in Ireland, Wales and the northwest of Scotland. During the Silurian period, the north-western regions collided with the south-east, which had been part of a separate continental landmass. The topography of the islands is modest in scale by global…

Average elevation: 25 m

Average elevation: 130 m

Average elevation: 51 m

In 2013, suburban services to Narayanganj and Gazipur cities were upgraded using diesel electric multiple unit trains. The Dhaka Metro Rail feasibility study has been completed. A 20.1-kilometre (12.5 mi), $2.8-billion Phase 1 metro route is being negotiated by the Government with Japan International…

Average elevation: 7 m

Average elevation: 1 m

Average elevation: 76 m

Average elevation: 26 m

Aberystwyth experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) similar to almost all of the United Kingdom. This is particularly pronounced due to its west coast location facing the Irish Sea. Air undergoes little land moderation and so temperatures closely reflect the sea temperature when…

Average elevation: 39 m

Average elevation: 163 m

Average elevation: 109 m

Average elevation: 21 m

Average elevation: 241 m

South Australia was officially established as a British Province in England in February 1836. The first Governor proclaimed the commencement of colonial government in South Australia on 28 December 1836, near The Old Gum Tree in what is now the suburb of Glenelg North. The event is commemorated in South…

Average elevation: 148 m

Average elevation: 180 m

The Cape Peninsula is 52 km long from Mouille Point in the north to Cape Point in the south, with an area of about 470 km2, and it displays more topographical variety than other similar sized areas in southern Africa, and consequently spectacular scenery. There are diverse low-nutrient soils, large rocky…

Average elevation: 53 m

Average elevation: 34 m

Average elevation: 7 m

Average elevation: 100 m

Average elevation: 74 m

Average elevation: 22 m

Average elevation: 163 m

Average elevation: 170 m

Almaty continues as the major commercial and cultural centre of Kazakhstan, as well as its most populous and most cosmopolitan city. The city is located in the mountainous area of southern Kazakhstan near the border with Kyrgyzstan in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau at an elevation of 700–900 m…

Average elevation: 1,261 m

Average elevation: 23 m

Average elevation: 4 m

Average elevation: 8 m

Average elevation: 180 m

São Paulo is in Southeastern Brazil, in southeastern São Paulo State, approximately halfway between Curitiba and Rio de Janeiro. The city is on a plateau placed beyond the Serra do Mar (Portuguese for "Sea Range" or "Coastal Range"), itself a component of the vast region known as the Brazilian Highlands,…

Average elevation: 785 m

Snowdon (/ˈsnoʊdən/) or Yr Wyddfa (pronounced [ər ˈʊɨ̞̯ðva] (listen)), is the highest mountain in Wales, at an elevation of 1,085 metres (3,560 ft) above sea level, and the highest point in the British Isles outside the Scottish Highlands. It is located in Snowdonia National Park (Parc Cenedlaethol…

Average elevation: 692 m

Average elevation: 413 m

The Ural Mountains (/ˈjʊərəl/ YOOR-əl; Russian: Ура́льские го́ры, tr. Uralskiye gory, IPA: [ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ]; Bashkir: Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range in Eurasia that runs north-south mostly through Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to…

Average elevation: 1,435 m

Average elevation: 103 m

Average elevation: 54 m

Average elevation: 24 m

Average elevation: 54 m

Reigate is in central Surrey, around 19 mi (30 km) south of central London and 9 mi (14 km) north of Gatwick Airport. The town is in the Vale of Holmesdale, below the North Downs escarpment. The average elevation in the centre is 80 m (260 ft) above ordnance datum (OD) and the area is drained by the Wallace…

Average elevation: 100 m

Medellín has 16 comunas (districts), 5 corregimientos (townships), and 271 barrios (neighborhoods). The metropolitan area of Medellín lies within the Aburrá valley at an elevation of 1,500 metres (4,900 feet) above sea level and is bisected by the Medellín River (also called Porce), which flows northward.…

Average elevation: 2,098 m

Haifa is the center of liberal Arabic-speaking culture, as it was under British colonial rule. The Arabic-speaking neighborhoods, which are mixed Muslim and Christian, are in the lowlands near the sea, while Jewish neighborhoods are at higher elevation. An active Arab cultural life has developed in the 21st…

Average elevation: 100 m

Average elevation: 140 m

Much of Swansea is hilly with the main area of upland being located in the council ward of Mawr. Areas up to 185 metres (607 ft) in elevation range across the central section: Kilvey Hill, Townhill and Llwynmawr separate the centre of Swansea from its northern suburbs. Cefn Bryn, a ridge of high land, is the…

Average elevation: 73 m

Average elevation: 55 m

Average elevation: 37 m

Average elevation: 81 m

Average elevation: 5 m

Located in the centre of Selangor state, Kuala Lumpur was a territory of Selangor State Government. In 1974, Kuala Lumpur was split off from Selangor to form the first Federal Territory governed directly by the Malaysian federal government. Its location in the most developed state on the west coast of…

Average elevation: 127 m

Average elevation: 74 m

Tomintoul has an oceanic climate (Cfb), bordering on subpolar oceanic (Cfc). Tomintoul does not have an official MetOffice weather station, and the temperature values below are simulated. Due to the villages' location northeast of the Cairngorms massif, it is exposed to many snow-bearing wind directions; this…

Average elevation: 374 m

Average elevation: 20 m

Average elevation: 50 m

Average elevation: 157 m

Average elevation: 90 m

Average elevation: 88 m

Average elevation: 33 m

Average elevation: 162 m