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Topographic maps
Click on a map to view its topography, its elevation and its terrain.
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England
England's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that transitions from low-lying plains to rugged uplands. In the north and west, the terrain is dominated by mountain ranges such as the Pennines, often referred to as the "backbone of England," and the Lake District, which includes Scafell Pike, the…
Average elevation: 55 m
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Europe
Europe's topography is characterized by a striking contrast between its rugged southern mountains and the expansive plains of the north. The continent is often described as a "peninsula of peninsulas," featuring major peninsulas like the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, each with unique geological features. In…
Average elevation: 223 m
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom (UK) boasts a diverse topography, ranging from rugged highlands to gentle lowlands. In Scotland, the Highlands dominate the northern and western regions, featuring mountainous terrains with peaks like Ben Nevis, the UK's highest point at 1,345 meters (4,413 feet). The Central Lowlands,…
Average elevation: 42 m
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Israel
Israel's topography is strikingly diverse, encompassing a variety of landscapes within its relatively small area of approximately 8,522 square miles (22,072 Km²). The coastal plain stretches along the Mediterranean Sea, characterized by sandy shores and fertile land that supports extensive agriculture,…
Average elevation: 410 m
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Turkey
Turkey's topography is a diverse tapestry of mountains, plateaus, and coastal plains that create a strikingly varied landscape. The country is predominantly characterized by the Anatolian Plateau, a semi-arid highland that stretches across central Turkey, with elevations ranging from 700 to 2,000 meters. This…
Average elevation: 487 m
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Ukraine
Ukraine's topography is characterized by a striking contrast of features across its vast landscape. The country predominantly consists of fertile plains and steppes, especially in the central and southern regions, where elevations typically range from sea level to around 600 meters (1,969 feet) above sea…
Average elevation: 183 m
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Florida
Florida's topography is characterized by its predominantly flat landscape, with the highest elevation being Britton Hill at just 345 feet (105 meters) above sea level, making it the lowest high point of any U.S. state. The state is primarily divided into three physiographic regions: the Atlantic Coastal Plain,…
Average elevation: 6 m
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United States
The topography of the United States is characterized by diverse and dynamic landscapes that vary widely across the country. In the east, rolling hills and low mountains transition into the Appalachian Mountains, featuring peaks that generally reach around 6,000 feet (1,829 meters). Moving westward, the terrain…
Average elevation: 309 m
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India
India's topography is a tapestry of diverse terrains, each contributing to the country's unique geographical identity. In the north, the majestic Himalayas form a formidable barrier, with towering peaks like Kangchenjunga reaching elevations of 8,586 meters (28,169 feet), making it the highest point in India.…
Average elevation: 1,017 m
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Bengaluru
India > Karnataka > Bangalore North
Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore) is situated in the southeastern part of Karnataka, India, within the Bengaluru Urban district. It lies at an elevation of approximately 900 meters (3,000 feet) above sea level, on the Deccan Plateau. This elevated position gives the city a moderate climate, with temperatures…
Average elevation: 886 m
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Egypt
Egypt's topography is marked by a striking contrast between its arid desert regions and the fertile Nile River Valley. The majority of the country, approximately two-thirds, is covered by the vast Western Desert, characterized by undulating sand dunes, stony plateaus, oases such as Siwa and the Qattara…
Average elevation: 272 m
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Netherlands
The Netherlands is renowned for its exceptionally flat terrain, with approximately 26% of its land lying below sea level. This low-lying landscape is characterized by extensive polders—tracts of land reclaimed from the sea and protected by an intricate system of dikes and canals. The western coastline is…
Average elevation: 251 m
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Sweden
Sweden's topography is a diverse tapestry shaped by ancient geological processes and glacial activity. In the west, the Scandinavian Mountains form a natural border with Norway, featuring peaks like Kebnekaise, the country's highest point at approximately 2,097 meters. Moving eastward, the terrain transitions…
Average elevation: 163 m
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Romania
Romania's topography is a harmonious blend of mountains, hills, and plains, each contributing to the country's diverse landscape. The country is divided into several distinct geographical regions: the Carpathian Mountains, the Transylvanian Plateau, the Moldavian Plateau, and the Danube River Basin. The…
Average elevation: 355 m
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Poland
Poland's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that transitions from the Baltic Sea's sandy beaches in the north to mountainous regions in the south. The northern coastline features sand dunes and is indented by spits and lagoons, such as the Hel Peninsula and the Vistula Lagoon. Moving inland,…
Average elevation: 194 m
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Indonesia
Indonesia's topography is as varied as its expansive archipelago, marked by rugged mountain ranges, volcanic activity, and vast lowland plains. The majority of its major islands are mountainous, with some of the highest peaks rising above 16,000 feet (4,877 meters), such as Puncak Jaya in Papua. These…
Average elevation: 81 m
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Michigan
Michigan's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that transitions from flat plains to rugged hills. The state comprises two peninsulas, with the Upper Peninsula showcasing more pronounced elevation changes, including its highest point, Mount Arvon, which rises to 1,979 feet (603 meters). In…
Average elevation: 259 m
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Texas
Texas showcases a diverse and expansive topography that spans approximately 268,000 square miles (694,117 Km²), making it the second-largest state in the United States. The landscape ranges from the arid deserts of West Texas, characterized by broad valleys and mesas, to the rolling hills of the Texas Hill…
Average elevation: 518 m
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Thailand
Thailand comprises several distinct geographic regions, partly corresponding to the provincial groups. The north of the country is the mountainous area of the Thai highlands, with the highest point being Doi Inthanon in the Thanon Thong Chai Range at 2,565 metres (8,415 ft) elevation. The northeast, Isan,…
Average elevation: 156 m
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Germany
Germany's topography is remarkably diverse, showcasing a blend of lowlands, uplands, and mountainous regions. In the north, the North German Plain extends across vast stretches of flat, fertile land, which supports extensive agriculture, particularly wheat and dairy farming. This area is characterized by…
Average elevation: 237 m
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Tennessee
Tennessee has diverse terrain and landforms, and from east to west, contains a mix of cultural features characteristic of Appalachia, the Upland South, and the Deep South. The Blue Ridge Mountains along the eastern border reach some of the highest elevations in eastern North America, and the Cumberland Plateau…
Average elevation: 233 m
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Japan
Average elevation: 58 m
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Scotland
Scotland's topography is a tapestry of rugged mountains, rolling hills, and expansive coastlines. The Highlands, occupying the northern and western regions, are characterized by towering peaks such as Ben Nevis, the UK's highest at 1,345 meters, and deep glens carved by ancient glaciers. The Grampian…
Average elevation: 36 m
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North Carolina
North Carolina features a diverse topography that can be divided into three distinct regions: the Coastal Plain, the Piedmont, and the Appalachian Mountains. The Coastal Plain, which occupies the eastern part of the state, is characterized by flat and gently sloping land, with elevations typically less than…
Average elevation: 163 m
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Italy
Italy's topography is characterized by its striking contrast of mountainous regions and coastal plains, offering some of the most varied landscapes in Europe. The northern boundary is dominated by the Alps, which rise dramatically with peaks exceeding 13,000 feet (3,962 meters), creating a rugged frontier with…
Average elevation: 293 m
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Finland
Much of the geography of Finland is a result of the Ice Age. The glaciers were thicker and lasted longer in Fennoscandia compared with the rest of Europe. The eroding effects have contributed to a mostly flat landscape in Finland, characterized by hills. However, in the northern regions, including areas…
Average elevation: 201 m
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Dubai
Dubai's topography is characterized by its location within the Arabian Desert, featuring predominantly flat, sandy terrain interspersed with unique geological formations. The city's landscape is highlighted by fine, white sands composed mainly of crushed shell and coral. To the east, salt-crusted coastal…
Average elevation: 64 m
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Portugal
Despite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by having…
Average elevation: 268 m
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Georgia
Georgia is defined by a diversity of landscapes, flora, and fauna. The state's northernmost regions include the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the larger Appalachian Mountain system. The Piedmont plateau extends from the foothills of the Blue Ridge south to the Fall Line, an escarpment to the Coastal Plain…
Average elevation: 136 m
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Africa
Africa's topography is a complex tapestry of plateaus, mountains, valleys, and deserts. The continent is dominated by vast plateaus, with elevations averaging around 1,000 meters (3,281 feet), especially prominent in the south and east. The Ethiopian Highlands, often referred to as the "Roof of Africa," rise…
Average elevation: 462 m
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Australia
Australia's topography is characterized by vast, low-lying plains interspersed with notable highland regions. The Western Plateau, encompassing much of the continent's interior, is a flat expanse punctuated by isolated ranges such as the MacDonnell and Musgrave Ranges, as well as iconic formations like Uluru.…
Average elevation: 35 m
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Chennai
India > Tamil Nadu > Chennai
Chennai is located on the south–eastern coast of India in the north–eastern part of Tamil Nadu on a flat coastal plain known as the Eastern Coastal Plains. Its average elevation is around 6.7 metres (22 ft), and its highest point is 60 m (200 ft). Chennai is 2,184 kilometres (1,357 mi) south of Delhi,…
Average elevation: 8 m
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Istanbul
Istanbul, located in northwestern Turkey, is a city that is uniquely situated across two continents, Europe and Asia, divided by the Bosphorus Strait. The city’s topography is characterized by a complex blend of hills, valleys, and coastal plains, which create a varied and scenic landscape. The European side…
Average elevation: 57 m
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New Jersey
New Jersey's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that ranges from coastal plains to rolling hills and rugged mountains. The state features a predominantly low elevation along its eastern coastline, where major cities like Newark and Jersey City are located. This coastal lowland, which includes…
Average elevation: 72 m
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Vietnam
Due to differences in latitude and the marked variety in topographical relief, Vietnam's climate tends to vary considerably for each region. Vietnam is a country located in the tropics, however Northern Vietnam, including Hanoi, is considered a subtropical region by Köppen climate classification. During the…
Average elevation: 173 m
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Denmark
Spanning a total area of 42,943 km2 (16,580 sq mi), it consists of the peninsula of Jutland and an archipelago of 443 named islands, of which the largest are Zealand, Funen and the North Jutlandic Island. Denmark's geography is characterised by flat, arable land, sandy coasts, low elevation, and a temperate…
Average elevation: 30 m
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Greece
Greece's topography is predominantly mountainous, with approximately 80% of its terrain consisting of mountains or hills, making it one of the most mountainous countries in Europe. The Pindus mountain range, often referred to as the "spine of Greece," runs through the center of the mainland from northwest to…
Average elevation: 170 m
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia's diverse geography is dominated by the Arabian Desert, associated semi-desert, shrubland, steppes, several mountain ranges, volcanic lava fields and highlands. The 647,500 km2 (250,001 sq mi) Rub' al Khali ("Empty Quarter") in the southeastern part of the country is the world's largest contiguous…
Average elevation: 551 m
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Colorado
Colorado's topography is characterized by a diverse range of elevations and landforms, making it one of the most geologically varied states in the U.S. The state is dominated by the Rocky Mountains, which run north to south and include the highest peak in the contiguous United States, Mount Elbert, towering at…
Average elevation: 2,060 m
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California
California's topography is characterized by a remarkable diversity that includes expansive mountain ranges, deep valleys, and vast deserts. The Sierra Nevada mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, with peaks such as Mount Whitney rising to 14,494 feet (4,418 meters), making it the tallest point in…
Average elevation: 929 m
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Glasgow
United Kingdom > Scotland > Glasgow City
Glasgow itself was reputed to have been founded by the Christian missionary Saint Mungo in the 6th century. He established a church on the Molendinar Burn, where the present Glasgow Cathedral stands, and in the following years Glasgow became a religious centre. Glasgow grew over the following centuries. The…
Average elevation: 128 m
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Spain
Spain's topography is marked by a striking diversity, characterized primarily by its elevated central plateau known as the Meseta Central, which rises between 2,000 and 2,500 feet (610 to 762 meters) above sea level. This vast highland is surrounded by several mountain ranges, including the Pyrenees to the…
Average elevation: 331 m
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Belgium
Average elevation: 138 m
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South Carolina
The Atlantic Coastal plain consists of sediments and sedimentary rocks that range in age from Cretaceous to Present. The terrain is relatively flat and the soil is composed predominantly of sand, silt, and clay. Areas with better drainage make excellent farmland, though some land is swampy. An unusual feature…
Average elevation: 85 m
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West Virginia
West Virginia is located entirely within the Appalachian Region, and the state is almost entirely mountainous, giving the reason for the nickname The Mountain State and the motto Montani Semper Liberi ("Mountaineers are always free"). The elevations and ruggedness drop near large rivers like the Ohio River or…
Average elevation: 430 m
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Austria
According to the Köppen Climate Classification Austria has the following climate types: Oceanic (Cfb), Cool/Warm-summer humid continental (Dfb), Subarctic/Subalpine (Dfc), Tundra/Alpine (ET) and Ice-Cap (EF). It is important to note though that Austria may experience very cold, severe winters, but most of the…
Average elevation: 595 m
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New York
New York City's topography is a fascinating blend of varied elevations and unique landscapes, reflecting its diverse geography across five boroughs. Situated at the confluence of the Hudson and East Rivers, the city primarily features low-lying terrain, with the average elevation hovering around sea level.…
Average elevation: 19 m
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Mexico
Mexico is crossed from north to south by two mountain ranges known as Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental, which are the extension of the Rocky Mountains from northern North America. From east to west at the center, the country is crossed by the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt also known as the…
Average elevation: 412 m
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France
France's topography presents a rich tapestry of varied landscapes, ranging from expansive plains to towering mountain ranges. In the north and west, the terrain is predominantly composed of flat plains and gently rolling hills, exemplified by the Paris Basin, which offers fertile soils ideal for agriculture.…
Average elevation: 430 m
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Jerusalem
Jerusalem is situated on the southern spur of a plateau in the Judaean Mountains, which include the Mount of Olives (East) and Mount Scopus (North East). The elevation of the Old City is approximately 760 m (2,490 ft). The whole of Jerusalem is surrounded by valleys and dry riverbeds (wadis). The Kidron,…
Average elevation: 659 m
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Norway
Little has been found dating from the early Iron Age (the last 500 years BC). The dead were cremated, and their graves contain few burial goods. During the first four centuries AD, the people of Norway were in contact with Roman-occupied Gaul. About 70 Roman bronze cauldrons, often used as burial urns, have…
Average elevation: 143 m
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Washington
Washington is the 18th-largest state, with an area of 71,362 square miles (184,830 km2), and the 13th-most populous state, with more than 7.7 million people. The majority of Washington's residents live in the Seattle metropolitan area, the center of transportation, business, and industry on Puget Sound, an…
Average elevation: 796 m
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Houston
United States > Texas > Harris County
Much of the city was built on forested land, marshes, or swamps, and all are still visible in surrounding areas. Flat terrain and extensive greenfield development have combined to worsen flooding. Downtown stands about 50 feet (15 m) above sea level, and the highest point in far northwest Houston is about 150…
Average elevation: 25 m
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Massachusetts
Despite its small size, Massachusetts features numerous topographically distinctive regions. The large coastal plain of the Atlantic Ocean in the eastern section of the state contains Greater Boston, along with most of the state's population, as well as the distinctive Cape Cod peninsula. To the west lies the…
Average elevation: 128 m
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Lebanon
Average elevation: 638 m
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Ko Pha Ngan
Due to its topography, the population hugs the coastline. The mountainous interior is generally inaccessible. More than half the island designated as national park and Ko Pha-ngan has more than 80 km2 (31 sq mi) of relatively unspoiled rain forest with diverse flora and fauna. It is also considered a spiritual…
Average elevation: 84 m
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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania's diverse topography also produces a variety of climates, though the entire state experiences cold winters and humid summers. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, except for the southeastern corner, has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). The…
Average elevation: 340 m
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Wales
Much of Wales' diverse landscape is mountainous, particularly in the north and central regions. The mountains were shaped during the last ice age, the Devensian glaciation. The highest mountains in Wales are in Snowdonia (Eryri), of which five are over 1,000 m (3,300 ft). The highest of these is Snowdon (Yr…
Average elevation: 99 m
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Arkansas
Arkansas's plant life varies with its climate and elevation. The pine belt stretching from the Arkansas delta to Texas consists of dense oak-hickory-pine growth. Lumbering and paper milling activity is active throughout the region. In eastern Arkansas, one can find Taxodium (cypress), Quercus nigra (water…
Average elevation: 156 m
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Switzerland
Switzerland lies between latitudes 45° and 48° N, and longitudes 5° and 11° E. It contains three basic topographical areas: the Swiss Alps to the south, the Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau, and the Jura mountains on the west. The Alps are a mountain range running across the central and south of the…
Average elevation: 1,016 m
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Paris
Paris in its early history had only the rivers Seine and Bièvre for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new…
Average elevation: 62 m
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New South Wales
The climate in the southern half of the state is generally warm to hot in summer and cool in the winter. The seasons are more defined in the southern half of the state, especially as one moves inland towards South West Slopes, Central West and the Riverina region. The climate in the northeast region of the…
Average elevation: 154 m
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Connecticut
Winters (December through mid-March) are generally cold from south to north in Connecticut. The coldest month (January) has average high temperatures ranging from 38 °F (3 °C) in the coastal lowlands to 33 °F (1 °C) in the inland and northern portions on the state. The lowest temperature recorded in…
Average elevation: 118 m
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Ireland
Ireland's topography is characterized by a central limestone plain, averaging about 75 meters (246 feet) above sea level, interspersed with numerous lakes, bogs, and low ridges. This plain is encircled by coastal mountains of varying geological compositions. In the southwest, the MacGillycuddy's Reeks,…
Average elevation: 44 m
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Grand Cayman
Grand Cayman encompasses 76% of the territory's entire land mass. The island is approximately 22 miles (35 km) long with its widest point being 8 miles (13 km) wide. The elevation ranges from sea level at the beaches to 60 feet (18 m) above sea level on the North Side's Mastic Trail. Unlike many other…
Average elevation: 1 m
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Gran Canaria
Gran Canaria is located in the Atlantic Ocean in a region known as Macaronesia about 150 kilometres (93 mi) off the northwestern coast of Africa and about 1,350 km (840 mi) from Europe. With an area of 1,560 km2 (602 sq. mi) and an altitude of 1,956 m (6,417 ft) at Morro de la Agujereada, Gran Canaria is the…
Average elevation: 335 m
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Morocco
In the Rif, Middle and High Atlas Mountains, there exist several different types of climates: Mediterranean along the coastal lowlands, giving way to a humid temperate climate at higher elevations with sufficient moisture to allow for the growth of different species of oaks, moss carpets, junipers, and…
Average elevation: 371 m
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Knoxville
United States > Tennessee > Knox County
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 104.2 square miles (269.8 km2), of which 98.5 square miles (255.2 km2) is land and 5.6 square miles (14.6 km2), or 5.42%, is water. Elevations range from just over 800 feet (240 m) along the riverfront to just over 1,000 feet (300 m) on…
Average elevation: 307 m
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Utah
Western Utah is mostly arid desert with a basin and range topography. Small mountain ranges and rugged terrain punctuate the landscape. The Bonneville Salt Flats are an exception, being comparatively flat as a result of once forming the bed of ancient Lake Bonneville. Great Salt Lake, Utah Lake, Sevier Lake,…
Average elevation: 1,876 m
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Russia
Average elevation: 150 m
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Colombia
The climate of Colombia is characterized for being tropical presenting variations within six natural regions and depending on the altitude, temperature, humidity, winds and rainfall. Colombia has a diverse range of climate zones, including tropical rainforests, savannas, steppes, deserts and mountain climates.
Average elevation: 248 m
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Bahrain
Average elevation: 6 m
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Munich
Munich lies on the elevated plains of Upper Bavaria, about 50 km (31 mi) north of the northern edge of the Alps, at an altitude of about 520 m (1,706 ft) ASL. The local rivers are the Isar and the Würm. Munich is situated in the Northern Alpine Foreland. The northern part of this sandy plateau includes a…
Average elevation: 524 m
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North America
North America's topography is characterized by its diverse and dramatic landscapes, stretching from the towering Rocky Mountains in the west to the expansive Great Plains in the central region, and the rugged Appalachian Mountains in the east. The Rocky Mountains, which include peaks exceeding 20,000 feet…
Average elevation: 294 m
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Amsterdam
Amsterdam is located in the Western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland, the capital of which is not Amsterdam, but rather Haarlem. The river Amstel ends in the city centre and connects to a large number of canals that eventually terminate in the IJ. Amsterdam's elevation is about −2 m (−6.6 ft)…
Average elevation: 0 m
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Birmingham
Birmingham is a snowy city relative to other large UK conurbations, due to its inland location and comparatively high elevation. Between 1961 and 1990 Birmingham Airport averaged 13.0 days of snow lying annually, compared to 5.33 at London Heathrow. Snow showers often pass through the city via the Cheshire gap…
Average elevation: 138 m
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Long Island
The land to the south of this moraine to the South Shore is the outwash plain of the last glacier. One part of the outwash plain was known as the Hempstead Plains, and this land contained one of the few natural prairies to exist east of the Appalachian Mountains. The glaciers melted and receded to the north,…
Average elevation: 42 m
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Spokane
United States > Washington > Spokane County
Spokane is located on the Spokane River in eastern Washington at an elevation of 1,843 feet (562 m) above sea level, about 18 miles (29 km) from Idaho, 92 miles (148 km) south of the Canadian border, 229 miles (369 km) due east of Seattle, and 279 miles (449 km) southwest of Calgary. The lowest elevation in…
Average elevation: 655 m
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New Mexico
Over four–fifths of New Mexico is higher than 4,000 feet (1,250 meters) above sea level. The average elevation ranges from up to 8,000 feet (2,500 meters) above sea level in the northwest, to less than 4,000 feet in the southeast. The highest point is Wheeler Peak at over 13,160 feet (4,011 meters) in the…
Average elevation: 1,687 m
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Iowa
Iowa can be divided into eight landforms based on glaciation, soils, topography, and river drainage. Loess hills lie along the western border of the state, some of which are several hundred feet thick. Northeast Iowa along the Upper Mississippi River is part of the Driftless Area, consisting of steep hills and…
Average elevation: 316 m
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Riyadh
Riyadh has a hot desert climate (Köppen Climate Classification BWh), with long, extremely hot summers and short, very mild winters. The average high temperature in August is 43.6 °C (110.5 °F). If it was not for the elevation the city was on, Riyadh would experience an even hotter climate. The city…
Average elevation: 630 m
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Minnesota
The state's high point is Eagle Mountain at 2,301 feet (701 m), which is only 13 miles (21 km) away from the low point of 601 feet (183 m) at the shore of Lake Superior. Notwithstanding dramatic local differences in elevation, much of the state is a gently rolling peneplain.
Average elevation: 378 m
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Oklahoma
The semi-arid high plains in the state's northwestern corner harbor few natural forests; the region has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges like the Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small, sky island mountain ranges like the Antelope Hills and the Wichita…
Average elevation: 408 m