Europe topographic map

England's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that transitions from low-lying plains to rugged uplands. In the north and west, the terrain is dominated by mountain ranges such as the Pennines, often referred to as the "backbone of England," and the Lake District, which includes Scafell Pike, the…

Average elevation: 55 m

Average elevation: 0 m

The United Kingdom (UK) boasts a diverse topography, ranging from rugged highlands to gentle lowlands. In Scotland, the Highlands dominate the northern and western regions, featuring mountainous terrains with peaks like Ben Nevis, the UK's highest point at 1,345 meters (4,413 feet). The Central Lowlands,…

Average elevation: 42 m

Turkey's topography is a diverse tapestry of mountains, plateaus, and coastal plains that create a strikingly varied landscape. The country is predominantly characterized by the Anatolian Plateau, a semi-arid highland that stretches across central Turkey, with elevations ranging from 700 to 2,000 meters. This…

Average elevation: 487 m

Dubai's topography is characterized by its location within the Arabian Desert, featuring predominantly flat, sandy terrain interspersed with unique geological formations. The city's landscape is highlighted by fine, white sands composed mainly of crushed shell and coral. To the east, salt-crusted coastal…

Average elevation: 64 m

Spain's topography is marked by a striking diversity, characterized primarily by its elevated central plateau known as the Meseta Central, which rises between 2,000 and 2,500 feet (610 to 762 meters) above sea level. This vast highland is surrounded by several mountain ranges, including the Pyrenees to the…

Average elevation: 331 m

California's topography is characterized by a remarkable diversity that includes expansive mountain ranges, deep valleys, and vast deserts. The Sierra Nevada mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, with peaks such as Mount Whitney rising to 14,494 feet (4,418 meters), making it the tallest point in…

Average elevation: 929 m

Florida's topography is characterized by its predominantly flat landscape, with the highest elevation being Britton Hill at just 345 feet (105 meters) above sea level, making it the lowest high point of any U.S. state. The state is primarily divided into three physiographic regions: the Atlantic Coastal Plain,…

Average elevation: 6 m

Average elevation: 80 m

Chennai is located on the southeastern coast of India in the northeastern part of Tamil Nadu on a flat coastal plain known as the Eastern Coastal Plains with an average elevation of 6.7 m (22 ft) and highest point at 60 m (200 ft). Chennai's soil is mostly clay, shale and sandstone. Clay underlies most of the…

Average elevation: 8 m

Ukraine's topography is characterized by a striking contrast of features across its vast landscape. The country predominantly consists of fertile plains and steppes, especially in the central and southern regions, where elevations typically range from sea level to around 600 meters (1,969 feet) above sea…

Average elevation: 183 m

Sweden's topography is a diverse tapestry shaped by ancient geological processes and glacial activity. In the west, the Scandinavian Mountains form a natural border with Norway, featuring peaks like Kebnekaise, the country's highest point at approximately 2,097 meters. Moving eastward, the terrain transitions…

Average elevation: 163 m

Germany's topography is remarkably diverse, showcasing a blend of lowlands, uplands, and mountainous regions. In the north, the North German Plain extends across vast stretches of flat, fertile land, which supports extensive agriculture, particularly wheat and dairy farming. This area is characterized by…

Average elevation: 237 m

Italy's topography is characterized by its striking contrast of mountainous regions and coastal plains, offering some of the most varied landscapes in Europe. The northern boundary is dominated by the Alps, which rise dramatically with peaks exceeding 13,000 feet (3,962 meters), creating a rugged frontier with…

Average elevation: 293 m

Los Angeles is characterized by a diverse and dynamic topography. The city is predominantly situated in a basin bordered by mountain ranges, including the Santa Monica Mountains to the north and the San Gabriel Mountains to the east, with elevations reaching up to about 10,000 feet (3,048 meters) in certain…

Average elevation: 241 m

Indonesia's topography is as varied as its expansive archipelago, marked by rugged mountain ranges, volcanic activity, and vast lowland plains. The majority of its major islands are mountainous, with some of the highest peaks rising above 16,000 feet (4,877 meters), such as Puncak Jaya in Papua. These…

Average elevation: 81 m

The Netherlands is renowned for its exceptionally flat terrain, with approximately 26% of its land lying below sea level. This low-lying landscape is characterized by extensive polders—tracts of land reclaimed from the sea and protected by an intricate system of dikes and canals. The western coastline is…

Average elevation: 251 m

Australia's topography is characterized by vast, low-lying plains interspersed with notable highland regions. The Western Plateau, encompassing much of the continent's interior, is a flat expanse punctuated by isolated ranges such as the MacDonnell and Musgrave Ranges, as well as iconic formations like Uluru.…

Average elevation: 35 m

Egypt's topography is marked by a striking contrast between its arid desert regions and the fertile Nile River Valley. The majority of the country, approximately two-thirds, is covered by the vast Western Desert, characterized by undulating sand dunes, stony plateaus, oases such as Siwa and the Qattara…

Average elevation: 272 m

Poland's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that transitions from the Baltic Sea's sandy beaches in the north to mountainous regions in the south. The northern coastline features sand dunes and is indented by spits and lagoons, such as the Hel Peninsula and the Vistula Lagoon. Moving inland,…

Average elevation: 194 m

Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore) is situated in the southeastern part of Karnataka, India, within the Bengaluru Urban district. It lies at an elevation of approximately 900 meters (3,000 feet) above sea level, on the Deccan Plateau. This elevated position gives the city a moderate climate, with temperatures…

Average elevation: 881 m

India's topography is a tapestry of diverse terrains, each contributing to the country's unique geographical identity. In the north, the majestic Himalayas form a formidable barrier, with towering peaks like Kangchenjunga reaching elevations of 8,586 meters (28,169 feet), making it the highest point in India.…

Average elevation: 1,017 m

Average elevation: 37 m

The topography of the United States is characterized by diverse and dynamic landscapes that vary widely across the country. In the east, rolling hills and low mountains transition into the Appalachian Mountains, featuring peaks that generally reach around 6,000 feet (1,829 meters). Moving westward, the terrain…

Average elevation: 309 m

Colorado's topography is characterized by a diverse range of elevations and landforms, making it one of the most geologically varied states in the U.S. The state is dominated by the Rocky Mountains, which run north to south and include the highest peak in the contiguous United States, Mount Elbert, towering at…

Average elevation: 2,060 m

Japan's topography is dominated by rugged, mountainous terrain, with over four-fifths of its landmass consisting of mountains. The country's volcanic origins contribute to the striking landscape, with towering peaks and active volcanoes, including the iconic Mount Fuji, which rises to 12,388 feet (3,776…

Average elevation: 58 m

Average elevation: 94 m

Paris in its early history had only the rivers Seine and Bièvre for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new…

Average elevation: 62 m

Scotland's topography is a tapestry of rugged mountains, rolling hills, and expansive coastlines. The Highlands, occupying the northern and western regions, are characterized by towering peaks such as Ben Nevis, the UK's highest at 1,345 meters, and deep glens carved by ancient glaciers. The Grampian…

Average elevation: 36 m

According to the Köppen Climate Classification Austria has the following climate types: Oceanic (Cfb), Cool/Warm-summer humid continental (Dfb), Subarctic/Subalpine (Dfc), Tundra/Alpine (ET) and Ice-Cap (EF). It is important to note though that Austria may experience very cold, severe winters, but most of the…

Average elevation: 595 m

Tennessee features a diverse and varied topography characterized by its distinct regions, which include the Appalachian Mountains, the Central Basin, and the Gulf Coastal Plain. The state’s highest point is Clingmans Dome, rising to about 6,643 feet (2,025 meters) above sea level, while the lowest point is…

Average elevation: 233 m

Israel's topography is strikingly diverse, encompassing a variety of landscapes within its relatively small area of approximately 8,522 square miles (22,072 Km²). The coastal plain stretches along the Mediterranean Sea, characterized by sandy shores and fertile land that supports extensive agriculture,…

Average elevation: 410 m

New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa [aɔˈtɛaɾɔa]) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island country by area, covering 268,021…

Average elevation: 399 m

Wales is predominantly mountainous, with its terrain shaped by ancient geological processes and glaciation. In the north, Snowdonia (Eryri) boasts the country's highest peaks, including Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa) at 1,085 meters (3,560 feet). Central Wales is characterized by the Cambrian Mountains, featuring…

Average elevation: 99 m

Michigan's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that transitions from flat plains to rugged hills. The state comprises two peninsulas, with the Upper Peninsula showcasing more pronounced elevation changes, including its highest point, Mount Arvon, which rises to 1,979 feet (603 meters). In…

Average elevation: 259 m

Norway's topography is defined by its rugged and varied terrain, shaped by ancient geological processes and glacial activity. Dominating the landscape are the Scandinavian Mountains, which run through the country and include peaks like Galdhøpiggen, the highest in Northern Europe at 2,469 meters (8,100 feet).…

Average elevation: 143 m

Average elevation: 1,645 m

Chennai district covers an area of 426 km2 located on the Eastern Coastal Plains of India. It is situated on the northeastern corner of Tamil Nadu along the Coramandel coast, a region bounded by the Bay of Bengal and is surrounded inland by the districts of Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram and Chengalpattu. It lies…

Average elevation: 9 m

Average elevation: 2 m

Portugal's topography is a diverse tapestry of rugged mountains, rolling plains, and extensive coastlines. In the north, the landscape is predominantly mountainous, with the Serra da Estrela range featuring Torre, the highest peak on mainland Portugal at 1,993 meters. This region is characterized by steep…

Average elevation: 268 m

Greece's topography is predominantly mountainous, with approximately 80% of its terrain consisting of mountains or hills, making it one of the most mountainous countries in Europe. The Pindus mountain range, often referred to as the "spine of Greece," runs through the center of the mainland from northwest to…

Average elevation: 170 m

Bath is in the Avon Valley and is surrounded by limestone hills as it is near the southern edge of the Cotswolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and the limestone Mendip Hills rise around 7 miles (11 km) south of the city. The hills that surround and make up the city have a maximum altitude…

Average elevation: 100 m

Washington is the 18th-largest state, with an area of 71,362 square miles (184,830 km2), and the 13th-most populous state, with more than 7.7 million people. The majority of Washington's residents live in the Seattle metropolitan area, the center of transportation, business, and industry on Puget Sound, an…

Average elevation: 796 m

France's topography presents a rich tapestry of varied landscapes, ranging from expansive plains to towering mountain ranges. In the north and west, the terrain is predominantly composed of flat plains and gently rolling hills, exemplified by the Paris Basin, which offers fertile soils ideal for agriculture.…

Average elevation: 430 m

The altitude and size of the range affect the climate in Europe; in the mountains, precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones. Wildlife such as ibex live in the higher peaks to elevations of 3,400 m (11,155 ft), and plants such as edelweiss grow in rocky areas in lower…

Average elevation: 526 m

Houston is characterized by its predominantly flat topography, sitting at an average elevation of approximately 59 feet (18 meters) above sea level. The city is situated on the Gulf Coastal Plain, which is dissected by a network of bayous that contribute to the region's drainage. This terrain was once covered…

Average elevation: 25 m

North Carolina features a diverse topography that can be divided into three distinct regions: the Coastal Plain, the Piedmont, and the Appalachian Mountains. The Coastal Plain, which occupies the eastern part of the state, is characterized by flat and gently sloping land, with elevations typically less than…

Average elevation: 163 m

Thailand comprises several distinct geographic regions, partly corresponding to the provincial groups. The north of the country is the mountainous area of the Thai highlands, with the highest point being Doi Inthanon in the Thanon Thong Chai Range at 2,565 metres (8,415 ft) elevation. The northeast, Isan,…

Average elevation: 156 m

Average elevation: 55 m

Average elevation: 1 m

As of January 2020, Beaverton covers a total area of 19.7 square miles (51 km2), all of it land except for small creeks, ponds, and lakes. The city is located along the eastern edge of the Tualatin Valley just west of the Tualatin Mountains. It is bordered by Portland to the east, Hillsboro to the west, and…

Average elevation: 106 m

The official elevation of the city is 1,207 feet (368 m), the elevation of the historic Newhall Airport which was northwest of Via Princessa and Railroad Avenue from the 1930s through the 1950s. Elevation varies substantially throughout the city. The lowest point in Santa Clarita is near the junction of CA-126…

Average elevation: 514 m

New South Wales (NSW), located on Australia's eastern seaboard, boasts a diverse topography that significantly influences its landscapes and ecosystems. The state's eastern edge is dominated by a narrow coastal plain, featuring regions such as the Illawarra and Shoalhaven near Nowra, characterized by rolling…

Average elevation: 154 m

Nairobi was founded in 1899 by colonial authorities in British East Africa, as a rail depot on the Uganda - Kenya Railway. It was favoured by the authorities as an ideal resting place due to its high elevation, temperate climate, and adequate water supply. The town quickly grew to replace Mombasa as the…

Average elevation: 1,729 m

Average elevation: 6 m

Average elevation: 73 m

Average elevation: 7 m

Average elevation: 1,015 m

Average elevation: 35 m

Montana's topography is marked by dramatic contrasts, offering a rich tapestry of landscapes. The state is divided into three main regions: the vast, rolling plains in the east, the rugged Rocky Mountains in the west, and the transition zone between these two. The eastern plains are part of the Great Plains,…

Average elevation: 1,357 m

Average elevation: 350 m

Average elevation: 901 m

Georgia's topography is notably diverse, characterized by five main geographic regions that each contribute to its unique landscape. The southern part of the state features the Coastal Plain, a flat, low-lying area that gently slopes toward the Atlantic Ocean and is home to the expansive Okefenokee Swamp, one…

Average elevation: 136 m

Winter starts on 21 December with temperatures around −5 to −10 °C (23 to 14 °F). In December and January, it is usually snowing, these are the coldest months of the year. At lower altitudes, snow does not stay the whole winter, it changes into the thaw and frost. Winters are colder in the mountains,…

Average elevation: 313 m

The highest point is Dzyarzhynskaya Hara (Dzyarzhynsk Hill) at 345 metres (1,132 ft), and the lowest point is on the Neman River at 90 m (295 ft). The average elevation of Belarus is 160 m (525 ft) above sea level. The climate features mild to cold winters, with January minimum temperatures ranging from −4…

Average elevation: 153 m

Denmark's topography is predominantly characterized by low-lying, gently undulating terrain, with an average elevation of about 31 meters (102 feet) above sea level. The landscape is largely shaped by glacial activity from the last Ice Age, resulting in features such as moraines, outwash plains, and fjords.…

Average elevation: 30 m

Average elevation: 96 m

In a programme transmitted by the British Broadcasting Corporation BBC Horizon broadcast on 12 October 2000, two geologists (Day and McGuire) cited La Grieta as proof that half of the Cumbre Vieja had moved towards the Atlantic Ocean (Day et al. 1999, and Ward and Day, 2001). They postulate that this process…

Average elevation: 296 m

Ventura County can be separated into two major parts, East County and West County, which are divided by the Conejo Grade. East County consists of all cities east of the Conejo Grade. Geographically East County is the end of the Santa Monica Mountains, in which the Conejo Valley is located, and where there is a…

Average elevation: 331 m

Average elevation: 753 m

Elevations are higher in the north and west, reaching more than 800 feet (240 m) in the Chilterns near Tring. The county centres on the headwaters and upper valleys of the rivers Lea and the Colne; both flow south, and each is accompanied by a canal. Hertfordshire's undeveloped land is mainly agricultural,…

Average elevation: 82 m

Cambridgeshire has a maritime temperate climate which is broadly similar to the rest of the United Kingdom, though it is drier than the UK average due to its low altitude and easterly location, the prevailing southwesterly winds having already deposited moisture on higher ground further west. Average winter…

Average elevation: 32 m

Jakarta lies in a low and flat alluvial plain, ranging from −2 to 91 m (−7 to 299 ft) with an average elevation of 8 m (26 ft) above sea level with historically extensive swampy areas. Some parts of the city have been constructed on reclaimed tidal flats that occur in around the area. Thirteen rivers flow…

Average elevation: 5 m

Much of the geography of Finland is a result of the Ice Age. The glaciers were thicker and lasted longer in Fennoscandia compared with the rest of Europe. The eroding effects have contributed to a mostly flat landscape in Finland, characterized by hills. However, in the northern regions, including areas…

Average elevation: 201 m

New Jersey's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that ranges from coastal plains to rolling hills and rugged mountains. The state features a predominantly low elevation along its eastern coastline, where major cities like Newark and Jersey City are located. This coastal lowland, which includes…

Average elevation: 72 m

Average elevation: 31 m

Pennsylvania's topography is characterized by its rich diversity, ranging from the rugged Appalachian Mountains in the south to the flatlands of the northern plateau. The state's elevation varies significantly, with the highest point being Mount Davis at approximately 3,213 feet (979 meters) and the lowest at…

Average elevation: 340 m

Massachusetts features a diverse and varied topography. The western part of the state is dominated by the Berkshire Hills and Taconic Mountains, including Mount Greylock, the highest point at 3,491 feet (1,064 meters). The central region is marked by rolling hills, part of the broader New England Upland, which…

Average elevation: 128 m

The Aravalli Range runs across the state from the southwest peak Guru Shikhar (Mount Abu), which is 1,722 metres (5,650 ft) in height, to Khetri in the northeast. This range divides the state into 60% in the northwest of the range and 40% in the southeast. The northwest tract is sandy and unproductive with…

Average elevation: 254 m

Kerala was alternatively called Malabar in the foreign trade circles. Earlier, the term Malabar had also been used to denote Tulu Nadu and Kanyakumari which lie contiguous to Kerala on the southwestern coast of India, in addition to the modern state of Kerala. The people of Malabar were known as Malabars.…

Average elevation: 251 m

Average elevation: 10 m

Due to differences in latitude and the marked variety in topographical relief, Vietnam's climate tends to vary considerably for each region. Vietnam is a country located in the tropics, however Northern Vietnam, including Hanoi, is considered a subtropical region by Köppen climate classification. During the…

Average elevation: 173 m

The climate of the UAE is subtropical-arid with hot summers and warm winters. The climate is categorized as desert climate. The hottest months are July and August, when average maximum temperatures reach above 45 °C (113 °F) on the coastal plain. In the Hajar Mountains, temperatures are considerably lower, a…

Average elevation: 85 m

Average elevation: 537 m

The Kuwait Space Rocket (KSR) is a Kuwaiti project to build and launch the first suborbital liquid bi-propellant rocket in Arabia. The project is divided into two phases with two separate vehicles: an initial testing phase with KSR-1 as a test vehicle capable of reaching an altitude of 8 km (5.0 mi) and a more…

Average elevation: 132 m

Azerbaijan is home to a wide variety of landscapes. Over half of the land consists of mountain ridges, crests, highlands, and plateaus which rise up to levels of 400–1,000 meters (including the middle and lower lowlands), in some places (Talis, Jeyranchol-Ajinohur and Langabiz-Alat foreranges) up to…

Average elevation: 802 m

Average elevation: 79 m

Average elevation: 1,501 m

Average elevation: 593 m

Amman is situated on the East Bank Plateau, an upland characterized by three major wadis which run through it. Originally, the city had been built on seven hills. Amman's terrain is typified by its mountains. The most important areas in the city are named after the hills or mountains they lie on. The area's…

Average elevation: 664 m

Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can include hail, squalls, and significant drops in temperature, but they often pass through very quickly with a rapid…

Average elevation: 185 m

Mexico's topography is characterized by a remarkable diversity, featuring rugged mountains, expansive plateaus, and lush coastal plains. The Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Oriental mountain ranges run parallel to the country's western and eastern coasts, respectively, creating a central highland…

Average elevation: 412 m

Rainfall tends to be associated with Atlantic depressions or with convection. In summer, convection caused by solar surface heating sometimes forms shower clouds and a large proportion of rainfall falls from showers and thunderstorms at this time of year. The wettest months are November and December and on the…

Average elevation: 239 m

Gran Canaria is located in the Atlantic Ocean in a region known as Macaronesia about 150 kilometres (93 mi) off the northwestern coast of Africa and about 1,350 km (840 mi) from Europe. With an area of 1,560 km2 (602 sq. mi) and an altitude of 1,956 m (6,417 ft) at Morro de la Agujereada, Gran Canaria is the…

Average elevation: 335 m

Average elevation: 67 m

Average elevation: 2,102 m

The topography and climate make sections of Vermont subject to large-scale flooding. Incidents include the Great Vermont Flood of 1927, which killed 84 and damaged much of the state's infrastructure, the flood of 1973, which covered many of the state's roads in the southeast, and Tropical Storm Irene in 2011,…

Average elevation: 348 m

New York City's topography is a fascinating blend of varied elevations and unique landscapes, reflecting its diverse geography across five boroughs. Situated at the confluence of the Hudson and East Rivers, the city primarily features low-lying terrain, with the average elevation hovering around sea level.…

Average elevation: 19 m

Most of the Pacific zone is tierra caliente, the "hot land" of tropical Spanish America at elevations under 610 metres (2,000 ft). Temperatures remain virtually constant throughout the year, with highs ranging between 29.4 and 32.2 °C (85 and 90 °F). After a dry season lasting from November to April, rains…

Average elevation: 238 m

Djibouti is situated in the Horn of Africa on the Gulf of Aden and the Bab-el-Mandeb, at the southern entrance to the Red Sea. It lies between latitudes 11° and 14°N and longitudes 41° and 44°E, at the northernmost point of the Great Rift Valley. It is here in Djibouti that the rift between the African…

Average elevation: 303 m