Topographic maps
Click on a map to view its topography, its elevation and its terrain.
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England
England's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that transitions from low-lying plains to rugged uplands. In the north and west, the terrain is dominated by mountain ranges such as the Pennines, often referred to as the "backbone of England," and the Lake District, which includes Scafell Pike, the…
Average elevation: 55 m
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Europe
Europe's topography is characterized by a striking contrast between its rugged southern mountains and the expansive plains of the north. The continent is often described as a "peninsula of peninsulas," featuring major peninsulas like the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, each with unique geological features. In…
Average elevation: 223 m
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom (UK) boasts a diverse topography, ranging from rugged highlands to gentle lowlands. In Scotland, the Highlands dominate the northern and western regions, featuring mountainous terrains with peaks like Ben Nevis, the UK's highest point at 1,345 meters (4,413 feet). The Central Lowlands,…
Average elevation: 42 m
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United States
The topography of the United States is characterized by diverse and dynamic landscapes that vary widely across the country. In the east, rolling hills and low mountains transition into the Appalachian Mountains, featuring peaks that generally reach around 6,000 feet (1,829 meters). Moving westward, the terrain…
Average elevation: 309 m
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Ukraine
Ukraine's topography is characterized by a striking contrast of features across its vast landscape. The country predominantly consists of fertile plains and steppes, especially in the central and southern regions, where elevations typically range from sea level to around 600 meters (1,969 feet) above sea…
Average elevation: 183 m
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Maine
Maine's topography is characterized by a diverse range of landscapes, from its rugged coastline to its mountainous interiors. The state is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, which features a mix of low-lying sandy beaches and rocky cliffs. Inland, the terrain transitions into rolling hills and…
Average elevation: 198 m
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India
India's topography is a tapestry of diverse terrains, each contributing to the country's unique geographical identity. In the north, the majestic Himalayas form a formidable barrier, with towering peaks like Kangchenjunga reaching elevations of 8,586 meters (28,169 feet), making it the highest point in India.…
Average elevation: 1,017 m
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Florida
Florida's topography is characterized by its predominantly flat landscape, with the highest elevation being Britton Hill at just 345 feet (105 meters) above sea level, making it the lowest high point of any U.S. state. The state is primarily divided into three physiographic regions: the Atlantic Coastal Plain,…
Average elevation: 6 m
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Turkey
Turkey's topography is a diverse tapestry of mountains, plateaus, and coastal plains that create a strikingly varied landscape. The country is predominantly characterized by the Anatolian Plateau, a semi-arid highland that stretches across central Turkey, with elevations ranging from 700 to 2,000 meters. This…
Average elevation: 487 m
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Sweden
Sweden's topography is a diverse tapestry shaped by ancient geological processes and glacial activity. In the west, the Scandinavian Mountains form a natural border with Norway, featuring peaks like Kebnekaise, the country's highest point at approximately 2,097 meters. Moving eastward, the terrain transitions…
Average elevation: 163 m
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Germany
Germany's topography is remarkably diverse, showcasing a blend of lowlands, uplands, and mountainous regions. In the north, the North German Plain extends across vast stretches of flat, fertile land, which supports extensive agriculture, particularly wheat and dairy farming. This area is characterized by…
Average elevation: 237 m
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Australia
Australia's topography is characterized by vast, low-lying plains interspersed with notable highland regions. The Western Plateau, encompassing much of the continent's interior, is a flat expanse punctuated by isolated ranges such as the MacDonnell and Musgrave Ranges, as well as iconic formations like Uluru.…
Average elevation: 35 m
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Netherlands
The Netherlands is renowned for its exceptionally flat terrain, with approximately 26% of its land lying below sea level. This low-lying landscape is characterized by extensive polders—tracts of land reclaimed from the sea and protected by an intricate system of dikes and canals. The western coastline is…
Average elevation: 251 m
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Italy
Italy's topography is characterized by its striking contrast of mountainous regions and coastal plains, offering some of the most varied landscapes in Europe. The northern boundary is dominated by the Alps, which rise dramatically with peaks exceeding 13,000 feet (3,962 meters), creating a rugged frontier with…
Average elevation: 293 m
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Scotland
Scotland's topography is a tapestry of rugged mountains, rolling hills, and expansive coastlines. The Highlands, occupying the northern and western regions, are characterized by towering peaks such as Ben Nevis, the UK's highest at 1,345 meters, and deep glens carved by ancient glaciers. The Grampian…
Average elevation: 36 m
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Poland
Poland's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that transitions from the Baltic Sea's sandy beaches in the north to mountainous regions in the south. The northern coastline features sand dunes and is indented by spits and lagoons, such as the Hel Peninsula and the Vistula Lagoon. Moving inland,…
Average elevation: 194 m
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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania's topography is characterized by its rich diversity, ranging from the rugged Appalachian Mountains in the south to the flatlands of the northern plateau. The state's elevation varies significantly, with the highest point being Mount Davis at approximately 3,213 feet (979 meters) and the lowest at…
Average elevation: 340 m
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Portugal
Portugal's topography is a diverse tapestry of rugged mountains, rolling plains, and extensive coastlines. In the north, the landscape is predominantly mountainous, with the Serra da Estrela range featuring Torre, the highest peak on mainland Portugal at 1,993 meters. This region is characterized by steep…
Average elevation: 268 m
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Japan
Japan's topography is dominated by rugged, mountainous terrain, with over four-fifths of its landmass consisting of mountains. The country's volcanic origins contribute to the striking landscape, with towering peaks and active volcanoes, including the iconic Mount Fuji, which rises to 12,388 feet (3,776…
Average elevation: 58 m
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Egypt
Egypt's topography is marked by a striking contrast between its arid desert regions and the fertile Nile River Valley. The majority of the country, approximately two-thirds, is covered by the vast Western Desert, characterized by undulating sand dunes, stony plateaus, oases such as Siwa and the Qattara…
Average elevation: 272 m
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Dubai
Dubai's topography is characterized by its location within the Arabian Desert, featuring predominantly flat, sandy terrain interspersed with unique geological formations. The city's landscape is highlighted by fine, white sands composed mainly of crushed shell and coral. To the east, salt-crusted coastal…
Average elevation: 64 m
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Chennai
India > Tamil Nadu > Chennai
Chennai is located on the south–eastern coast of India in the north–eastern part of Tamil Nadu on a flat coastal plain known as the Eastern Coastal Plains. Its average elevation is around 6.7 metres (22 ft), and its highest point is 60 m (200 ft). Chennai is 2,184 kilometres (1,357 mi) south of Delhi,…
Average elevation: 8 m
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Michigan
Michigan's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that transitions from flat plains to rugged hills. The state comprises two peninsulas, with the Upper Peninsula showcasing more pronounced elevation changes, including its highest point, Mount Arvon, which rises to 1,979 feet (603 meters). In…
Average elevation: 259 m
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Indonesia
Indonesia's topography is as varied as its expansive archipelago, marked by rugged mountain ranges, volcanic activity, and vast lowland plains. The majority of its major islands are mountainous, with some of the highest peaks rising above 16,000 feet (4,877 meters), such as Puncak Jaya in Papua. These…
Average elevation: 81 m
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Israel
Israel's topography is strikingly diverse, encompassing a variety of landscapes within its relatively small area of approximately 8,522 square miles (22,072 Km²). The coastal plain stretches along the Mediterranean Sea, characterized by sandy shores and fertile land that supports extensive agriculture,…
Average elevation: 410 m
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Texas
Texas showcases a diverse and expansive topography that spans approximately 268,000 square miles (694,117 Km²), making it the second-largest state in the United States. The landscape ranges from the arid deserts of West Texas, characterized by broad valleys and mesas, to the rolling hills of the Texas Hill…
Average elevation: 518 m
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Denmark
Spanning a total area of 42,943 km2 (16,580 sq mi), it consists of the peninsula of Jutland and an archipelago of 443 named islands, of which the largest are Zealand, Funen and the North Jutlandic Island. Denmark's geography is characterised by flat, arable land, sandy coasts, low elevation, and a temperate…
Average elevation: 30 m
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North Carolina
North Carolina features a diverse topography that can be divided into three distinct regions: the Coastal Plain, the Piedmont, and the Appalachian Mountains. The Coastal Plain, which occupies the eastern part of the state, is characterized by flat and gently sloping land, with elevations typically less than…
Average elevation: 163 m
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Brazil
Brazilian topography is also diverse and includes hills, mountains, plains, highlands, and scrublands. Much of the terrain lies between 200 meters (660 ft) and 800 meters (2,600 ft) in elevation. The main upland area occupies most of the southern half of the country. The northwestern parts of the plateau…
Average elevation: 368 m
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Greece
Greece's topography is predominantly mountainous, with approximately 80% of its terrain consisting of mountains or hills, making it one of the most mountainous countries in Europe. The Pindus mountain range, often referred to as the "spine of Greece," runs through the center of the mainland from northwest to…
Average elevation: 170 m
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France
France's topography presents a rich tapestry of varied landscapes, ranging from expansive plains to towering mountain ranges. In the north and west, the terrain is predominantly composed of flat plains and gently rolling hills, exemplified by the Paris Basin, which offers fertile soils ideal for agriculture.…
Average elevation: 430 m
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Mexico
Mexico is crossed from north to south by two mountain ranges known as Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental, which are the extension of the Rocky Mountains from northern North America. From east to west at the center, the country is crossed by the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt also known as the…
Average elevation: 412 m
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Colorado
Colorado's topography is characterized by a diverse range of elevations and landforms, making it one of the most geologically varied states in the U.S. The state is dominated by the Rocky Mountains, which run north to south and include the highest peak in the contiguous United States, Mount Elbert, towering at…
Average elevation: 2,060 m
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Romania
Romania's topography is a harmonious blend of mountains, hills, and plains, each contributing to the country's diverse landscape. The country is divided into several distinct geographical regions: the Carpathian Mountains, the Transylvanian Plateau, the Moldavian Plateau, and the Danube River Basin. The…
Average elevation: 355 m
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Africa
Africa's topography is a complex tapestry of plateaus, mountains, valleys, and deserts. The continent is dominated by vast plateaus, with elevations averaging around 1,000 meters (3,281 feet), especially prominent in the south and east. The Ethiopian Highlands, often referred to as the "Roof of Africa," rise…
Average elevation: 462 m
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California
California's topography is characterized by a remarkable diversity that includes expansive mountain ranges, deep valleys, and vast deserts. The Sierra Nevada mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, with peaks such as Mount Whitney rising to 14,494 feet (4,418 meters), making it the tallest point in…
Average elevation: 929 m
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North America
North America's topography is characterized by its diverse and dramatic landscapes, stretching from the towering Rocky Mountains in the west to the expansive Great Plains in the central region, and the rugged Appalachian Mountains in the east. The Rocky Mountains, which include peaks exceeding 20,000 feet…
Average elevation: 294 m
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Massachusetts
Despite its small size, Massachusetts features numerous topographically distinctive regions. The large coastal plain of the Atlantic Ocean in the eastern section of the state contains Greater Boston, along with most of the state's population, as well as the distinctive Cape Cod peninsula. To the west lies the…
Average elevation: 128 m
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Belgium
Average elevation: 138 m
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Spain
Spain's topography is marked by a striking diversity, characterized primarily by its elevated central plateau known as the Meseta Central, which rises between 2,000 and 2,500 feet (610 to 762 meters) above sea level. This vast highland is surrounded by several mountain ranges, including the Pyrenees to the…
Average elevation: 331 m
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Ireland
Ireland's topography is characterized by a central limestone plain, averaging about 75 meters (246 feet) above sea level, interspersed with numerous lakes, bogs, and low ridges. This plain is encircled by coastal mountains of varying geological compositions. In the southwest, the MacGillycuddy's Reeks,…
Average elevation: 44 m
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Switzerland
Switzerland lies between latitudes 45° and 48° N, and longitudes 5° and 11° E. It contains three basic topographical areas: the Swiss Alps to the south, the Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau, and the Jura mountains on the west. The Alps are a mountain range running across the central and south of the…
Average elevation: 1,016 m
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New Jersey
New Jersey's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that ranges from coastal plains to rolling hills and rugged mountains. The state features a predominantly low elevation along its eastern coastline, where major cities like Newark and Jersey City are located. This coastal lowland, which includes…
Average elevation: 72 m
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Istanbul
Istanbul, located in northwestern Turkey, is a city that is uniquely situated across two continents, Europe and Asia, divided by the Bosphorus Strait. The city’s topography is characterized by a complex blend of hills, valleys, and coastal plains, which create a varied and scenic landscape. The European side…
Average elevation: 57 m
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Thailand
Thailand comprises several distinct geographic regions, partly corresponding to the provincial groups. The north of the country is the mountainous area of the Thai highlands, with the highest point being Doi Inthanon in the Thanon Thong Chai Range at 2,565 metres (8,415 ft) elevation. The northeast, Isan,…
Average elevation: 156 m
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Georgia
Georgia's topography is notably diverse, characterized by five main geographic regions that each contribute to its unique landscape. The southern part of the state features the Coastal Plain, a flat, low-lying area that gently slopes toward the Atlantic Ocean and is home to the expansive Okefenokee Swamp, one…
Average elevation: 136 m
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Asia
Average elevation: 563 m
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia's diverse geography is dominated by the Arabian Desert, associated semi-desert, shrubland, steppes, several mountain ranges, volcanic lava fields and highlands. The 647,500 km2 (250,001 sq mi) Rub' al Khali ("Empty Quarter") in the southeastern part of the country is the world's largest contiguous…
Average elevation: 551 m
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Kenya
Kenya's climate varies from tropical along the coast to temperate inland to arid in the north and northeast parts of the country. The area receives a great deal of sunshine every month. It is usually cool at night and early in the morning inland at higher elevations.
Average elevation: 717 m
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Edinburgh
United Kingdom > Scotland > Edinburgh
Some have called Edinburgh the Athens of the North for a variety of reasons. The earliest comparison between the two cities showed that they had a similar topography, with the Castle Rock of Edinburgh performing a similar role to the Athenian Acropolis. Both of them had flatter, fertile agricultural land…
Average elevation: 104 m
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Los Angeles
United States > California > Los Angeles County
Los Angeles is characterized by a diverse and dynamic topography. The city is predominantly situated in a basin bordered by mountain ranges, including the Santa Monica Mountains to the north and the San Gabriel Mountains to the east, with elevations reaching up to about 10,000 feet (3,048 meters) in certain…
Average elevation: 241 m
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Indiana
The average altitude of Indiana is about 760 feet (230 m) above sea level. The highest point in the state is Hoosier Hill in Wayne County at 1,257 feet (383 m) above sea level. The lowest point at 320 feet (98 m) above sea level is in Posey County, where the Wabash River meets the Ohio River. The resulting…
Average elevation: 226 m
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Cincinnati
United States > Ohio > Hamilton County
Cincinnati has several standard modes of transportation including sidewalks, roads, public transit, bicycle paths and airports. The city's hills preclude the regular street grid common to many cities built up in the 19th century, and outside of the downtown basin, regular street grids are rare except for in…
Average elevation: 222 m
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Costa Rica
Average elevation: 101 m
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New York
New York City's topography is a fascinating blend of varied elevations and unique landscapes, reflecting its diverse geography across five boroughs. Situated at the confluence of the Hudson and East Rivers, the city primarily features low-lying terrain, with the average elevation hovering around sea level.…
Average elevation: 19 m
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Bengaluru
India > Karnataka > Bangalore North
Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore) is situated in the southeastern part of Karnataka, India, within the Bengaluru Urban district. It lies at an elevation of approximately 900 meters (3,000 feet) above sea level, on the Deccan Plateau. This elevated position gives the city a moderate climate, with temperatures…
Average elevation: 886 m
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China
Average elevation: 901 m
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Norway
Little has been found dating from the early Iron Age (the last 500 years BC). The dead were cremated, and their graves contain few burial goods. During the first four centuries AD, the people of Norway were in contact with Roman-occupied Gaul. About 70 Roman bronze cauldrons, often used as burial urns, have…
Average elevation: 143 m
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Connecticut
Winters (December through mid-March) are generally cold from south to north in Connecticut. The coldest month (January) has average high temperatures ranging from 38 °F (3 °C) in the coastal lowlands to 33 °F (1 °C) in the inland and northern portions on the state. The lowest temperature recorded in…
Average elevation: 118 m
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Tennessee
Tennessee has diverse terrain and landforms, and from east to west, contains a mix of cultural features characteristic of Appalachia, the Upland South, and the Deep South. The Blue Ridge Mountains along the eastern border reach some of the highest elevations in eastern North America, and the Cumberland Plateau…
Average elevation: 233 m
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Tamil Nadu
The annual rainfall of the state is about 945 mm (37.2 in) of which 48 per cent is through the northeast monsoon, and 32 per cent through the southwest monsoon. Since the state is entirely dependent on rains for recharging its water resources, monsoon failures lead to acute water scarcity and severe drought.…
Average elevation: 253 m
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Hawaii
Hawaiʻi has a tropical climate. Temperatures and humidity tend to be less extreme because of near-constant trade winds from the east. Summer highs usually reach around 88 °F (31 °C) during the day, with the temperature reaching a low of 75 °F (24 °C) at night. Winter day temperatures are usually around 83…
Average elevation: 2 m
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Alabama
Alabama is bordered by the states of Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama has coastline at the Gulf of Mexico, in the extreme southern edge of the state. The state ranges in elevation from sea level at Mobile Bay to more than 2,000 feet (610 m)…
Average elevation: 136 m
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Vietnam
Due to differences in latitude and the marked variety in topographical relief, Vietnam's climate tends to vary considerably for each region. Vietnam is a country located in the tropics, however Northern Vietnam, including Hanoi, is considered a subtropical region by Köppen climate classification. During the…
Average elevation: 173 m
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Lithuania
Average elevation: 102 m
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Washington
Washington is the 18th-largest state, with an area of 71,362 square miles (184,830 km2), and the 13th-most populous state, with more than 7.7 million people. The majority of Washington's residents live in the Seattle metropolitan area, the center of transportation, business, and industry on Puget Sound, an…
Average elevation: 796 m
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Tunisia
Though it is relatively small in size, Tunisia has great environmental diversity due to its north–south extent. Its east–west extent is limited. Differences in Tunisia, like the rest of the Maghreb, are largely north–south environmental differences defined by sharply decreasing rainfall southward from…
Average elevation: 240 m
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Finland
Much of the geography of Finland is a result of the Ice Age. The glaciers were thicker and lasted longer in Fennoscandia compared with the rest of Europe. The eroding effects have contributed to a mostly flat landscape in Finland, characterized by hills. However, in the northern regions, including areas…
Average elevation: 201 m
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Pakistan
Coniferous forests are found at altitudes ranging from 1,000 to 4,000 metres (3,300 to 13,100 feet) in most of the northern and northwestern highlands. In the xeric regions of Balochistan, date palm and Ephedra are common. In most of the Punjab and Sindh, the Indus plains support tropical and subtropical dry…
Average elevation: 1,372 m
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Syria
Average elevation: 537 m
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Hungary
Average elevation: 259 m
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Ulaanbaatar
Ulaanbaatar, formerly anglicised as Ulan Bator /ˌuːlɑːn ˈbɑːtər/ (Mongolian: Улаанбаатар, , literally "Red Hero"), is the capital and largest city of Mongolia. The city is not part of any aimag (province), and its population as of 2014 was over 1.3 million, almost half of the country's…
Average elevation: 1,554 m
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Houston
United States > Texas > Harris County
Much of the city was built on forested land, marshes, or swamps, and all are still visible in surrounding areas. Flat terrain and extensive greenfield development have combined to worsen flooding. Downtown stands about 50 feet (15 m) above sea level, and the highest point in far northwest Houston is about 150…
Average elevation: 25 m
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Slovakia
Winter starts on 21 December with temperatures around −5 to −10 °C (23 to 14 °F). In December and January, it is usually snowing, these are the coldest months of the year. At lower altitudes, snow does not stay the whole winter, it changes into the thaw and frost. Winters are colder in the mountains,…
Average elevation: 313 m
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Iceland
The highest elevation for Iceland is listed as 2,110 m (6,923 ft) at Hvannadalshnúkur (64°00′N 16°39′W).
Average elevation: 158 m
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Portsmouth
United Kingdom > England > Hampshire > Portsmouth
By road, Portsmouth lies 73.5 miles (118.3 km) from Central London, 49.5 miles (79.7 km) west of Brighton, and 22.3 miles (35.9 km) east of Southampton. Portsmouth is situated primarily on Portsea Island and is the United Kingdom's only island city, although parts of it have expanded onto the mainland. Gosport…
Average elevation: 28 m
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Surrey
United Kingdom > England > Surrey
The highest elevation in Surrey is Leith Hill near Dorking. It is 295 m (968 ft) above sea level and is the second highest point in southeastern England after Walbury Hill in West Berkshire which is 297 m (974 ft).
Average elevation: 69 m
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Boston
United States > Massachusetts > Suffolk County
Boston has an area of 89.63 sq mi (232.1 km2)—48.4 sq mi (125.4 km2) (54%) of land and41.2 sq mi (106.7 km2) (46%) of water. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level. The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 ft (100 m) above sea…
Average elevation: 25 m
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Arkansas
Arkansas's plant life varies with its climate and elevation. The pine belt stretching from the Arkansas delta to Texas consists of dense oak-hickory-pine growth. Lumbering and paper milling activity is active throughout the region. In eastern Arkansas, one can find Taxodium (cypress), Quercus nigra (water…
Average elevation: 156 m
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Iran
Average elevation: 786 m
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Argentina
In general, Argentina has four main climate types: warm, moderate, arid, and cold, all determined by the expanse across latitude, range in altitude, and relief features. Although the most populated areas are generally temperate, Argentina has an exceptional amount of climate diversity, ranging from subtropical…
Average elevation: 198 m
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Kent
Kent was also the location of the largest number of art schools in the country during the nineteenth century, estimated by the art historian David Haste, to approach two hundred. This is believed to be the result of Kent being a front line county during the Napoleonic Wars. At this time, before the invention…
Average elevation: 37 m
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Bath
United Kingdom > England > Bath and North East Somerset
Bath is in the Avon Valley and is surrounded by limestone hills as it is near the southern edge of the Cotswolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and the limestone Mendip Hills rise around 7 miles (11 km) south of the city. The hills that surround and make up the city have a maximum altitude…
Average elevation: 100 m
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Gran Canaria
Gran Canaria is located in the Atlantic Ocean in a region known as Macaronesia about 150 kilometres (93 mi) off the northwestern coast of Africa and about 1,350 km (840 mi) from Europe. With an area of 1,560 km2 (602 sq. mi) and an altitude of 1,956 m (6,417 ft) at Morro de la Agujereada, Gran Canaria is the…
Average elevation: 335 m
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Jacksonville
United States > Florida > Duval County
Just south of Jacksonville and north of Saint Augustine is the boundary of where the Floridian Peninsula ends and Continental North America begins; Jacksonville is north of that line. While still in the North American Coastal plain, the topography begins to take on slight Piedmont characteristics. Like the…
Average elevation: 10 m
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Montenegro
Montenegro's large karst region lies generally at elevations of 1,000 metres (3,280 ft) above sea level; some parts, however, rise to 2,000 m (6,560 ft), such as Mount Orjen (1,894 m or 6,214 ft), the highest massif among the coastal limestone ranges. The Zeta River valley, at an elevation of 500 m (1,600 ft),…
Average elevation: 824 m
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Chennai District
Chennai district covers an area of 426 km2 located on the Eastern Coastal Plains of India. It is situated on the northeastern corner of Tamil Nadu along the Coramandel coast, a region bounded by the Bay of Bengal and is surrounded inland by the districts of Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram and Chengalpattu. It lies…
Average elevation: 9 m